The cybernetics of system s involving their observers as opposed to the cybernetics of systems that are observed from the outside (von Foerster). Second-order cybernetics is a more recent development, involves the observer as a constitutive (seeconstitution ) part of a circular organization and is concerned with self-reference,epistemology , autonomy , self-GOVERNMENT, autopoiesis to name just a few phenomena. (Krippendorff )
